The Sankalpa: International Journal of Management Decisions
The Sankalpa: International Journal of Management Decisions is a peer-reviewed, bi-annual scholarly journal published by the Department of Business Administration, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India. The journal serves as an interdisciplinary forum for advancing research and critical discourse in management and decision sciences, with a focus on theory-driven and practice-oriented studies that support informed managerial and policy decisions in national and global contexts. Journal Details: • Title: The Sankalpa: International Journal of Management Decisions • ISSN (P): 2454-7425 • Publisher: Department of Business Administration, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India • Scope: Multidisciplinary (Management, Commerce, Economics, Law, Humanities, Social Sciences) • Publication Frequency: Bi-annual • Language: English and Hindi • Access Model: Open Access (No APC) • Email: editor@thesankalpa.org
Department of Business Administration, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
Themes of Human Suffering in the Short-Story Collection "Washām al-Numūr" by Maytham Hashim Ṭahir A Thematic Study
This article seeks to explore the thematic structure of the short-story collection Washām al-Numūr (The Tigers’ Tattooist, 2026) by the Iraqi writer Maytham Hāshim Ṭāhir, which comprises fifteen stories, each of whose titles is coupled with a subtitle pointing directly to a major human theme such as love, fear, pain, and memory. The research problem is articulated through the question of how these themes are configured in such a way as to produce a coherent semantic and aesthetic vision reflecting the crisis of contemporary humanity. To address this problem, the article draws on the tools of thematic criticism while also engaging with Gérard Genette’s theory of paratexts, with the aim of tracing the recurrence of themes and their interweaving within the narrative systems. The analysis has revealed that the stories of the collection are organised around four interrelated thematic axes: first, the axis of “memory and forgetting,” which embodies the struggle of the self to preserve its identity; second, the axis of “suffering and psychological fragility,” manifested in the dominance of fear, pain, and sorrow; third, the axis of “love and loss” as an existential experience of clinging to life; and fourth, the axis of “social and human values,” which addresses questions of motherhood, innocence, and the dialectic of guilt. The study concluded that the author’s awareness of the centrality of the “theme” has constituted a profound structural strategy that has transformed dispersed stories into a unified narrative mural laying bare the fragmentation of human existence, thereby granting the collection a distinctive place within the contemporary Arabic short-story corpus.
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High-Precision Quantum Measurement Techniques for Fundamental Constants and Timekeeping
Precision metrology has undergone a revolution thanks to quantum measurement techniques, which have made it possible to determine basic constants with previously unheard-of accuracy and to improve timekeeping. These techniques, which are based on the ideas of quantum physics, use entanglement, superposition, and quantum state interference to increase measurement accuracy beyond what is possible with classical approaches. the most recent advancements in high-precision quantum measurement methods, with an emphasis on how they can be used to determine fundamental constants like Planck's constant and the fine-structure constant. Additionally, atomic clocks and optical lattice clocks have advanced timekeeping by providing remarkably accurate time standards. There is also discussion of how quantum-enhanced sensors can improve temperature, electromagnetic field, and gravitational wave measurements. In order to redefine precision in science and industry, we conclude by outlining potential directions for incorporating quantum technologies into global metrology frameworks.
Features of Emir Abdelkader’s State in Colonel Scott’s Memoirs: A Critical Historical Approach
This study examines the features of Emir Abdelkader’s state as reflected in Colonel Scott’s memoirs, an important foreign source on Algeria during the first half of the nineteenth century. It investigates the memoirs’ representation of the state and its institutions. It assesses the extent to which they clarify the political project led by Emir Abdelkader in opposition to the French occupation. Using a historical-analytical method and a critical approach, the study situates the memoirs within their historical and intellectual contexts. The findings indicate that Emir Abdelkader was not merely a leader of armed resistance; he also established a nascent state with central political authority, territorial administration, a judicial apparatus, and a regular army supported by a local arms industry. The memoirs further reveal an economic and financial system based on taxation, trade, and resource utilization, as well as active social and cultural life and a prominent role for religion in state institutions and society. They also document foreign relations conducted through correspondence, treaties, and contacts with regional and international powers. The study concludes that Colonel Scott’s memoirs are an important source for examining the state’s political, administrative, military, economic, social, and diplomatic organization. They indicate that Emir Abdelkader’s experience represented an early attempt to establish an Algerian state with clearly defined institutions and sovereign authority. Nevertheless, their scholarly value depends on a critical reading that accounts for the author’s intellectual and cultural background.
Public-Private Partnerships in Urban Infrastructure Development: Challenges and Opportunities
In places that are urbanising quickly, the construction of urban infrastructure is essential to promoting sustainable growth and raising living standards. PPPs, or public-private partnerships, have become a vital tool for tackling the operational and financial difficulties that come with major infrastructure projects. the dynamics of PPPs in the development of urban infrastructure, emphasising the potential and difficulties that result from these partnerships. how commercial organisations and public governments might work together to plan, fund, and oversee projects including housing developments, utilities, and transportation networks. Regulatory obstacles, funding risks, stakeholder collaboration, and public accountability are some of the main issues raised. The study, however, emphasises the important advantages that PPPs provide, such as risk-sharing, creative project delivery, effective resource use, and the possibility of long-term, sustainable development. The study offers insights into effective PPP models and lessons from both rich and developing nations through a number of case studies. The study's ultimate goal is to provide policy suggestions for enhancing PPPs' efficacy in the construction of urban infrastructure, promoting a cooperative atmosphere capable of producing resilient, egalitarian, and effective urban infrastructure solutions.
Entrepreneurship Support Programs and Economic Development in Algeria: A Comprehensive Assessment
This study undertakes a comprehensive longitudinal assessment of entrepreneurship support programs (ESPs) in Algeria and their measurable impact on economic development over the last two decades spanning 2000 to 2022. Algeria has deployed a succession of state-led frameworks. including the National Entrepreneurship Support and Development Agency (NESDA), the National Unemployment Insurance Fund (CNAC), the Algerian Investment Promotion Agency (AAPI), that collectively disbursed billions of dinars in subsidised financing, technical assistance, and fiscal incentives. Employing a mixed-methods design that integrates macro-level econometrics with descriptive analysis, the study examines whether and to what extent these programs have contributed to GDP growth, employment generation, sectoral diversification, and regional economic convergence. Quantitative findings from an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model estimated over 2000–2022 annual data reveal a statistically significant long-run positive relationship between cumulative ESP expenditure and non-hydrocarbon GDP growth (β = 0.31, p < 0.01). However, bureaucratic complexity, limited post-creation mentoring, restricted access to markets, and weak linkages between ESPs and national research and innovation ecosystems suppress the transformative potential of public entrepreneurship investments. The article concludes with a policy framework recommending ecosystem-based restructuring of ESPs, enhanced coordination with higher education, and targeted interventions for high-growth entrepreneurship.
Identity Politics and Electoral Trends: Understanding Voter Behavior in Diverse Societies
In varied cultures, where social, cultural, and ethnic identities play a fundamental role in political alignment, identity politics has emerged as a defining factor in creating election trends. This is especially true in societies where voting patterns are highly influenced by identity politics. the interaction between identity politics and voter behaviour, with a particular emphasis on the ways in which individuals' affinities with certain categories like as race, religion, ethnicity, caste, and gender influence their voting decisions. Using case studies from a variety of democracies, including India, the United States of America, and South Africa, this article examines the methods that identity-based narratives use to change political discourse and mobilise voters. However, despite the fact that identity politics has the potential to empower under-represented groups and advance representation, it also runs the risk of further dividing society and encouraging polarisation. Through the examination of voter behaviour through the lens of identity, the techniques that political actors employ to harness identity for electoral benefit, as well as the effects that these strategies have on democratic government, are analysed. the necessity of political practices that are inclusive and strike a balance between identity-based representation and attempts to enhance social cohesion and democratic stability within the political system.
E-Administration and Its Impact on Improving Public Service Quality in Algerian Local Administration: A Case Study of Berrouaghia Municipality
This study aims to determine the impact of implementing e-administration—as a modern trend in administrative reform—on improving the quality of public services in the Municipality of Berrouaghia. To achieve this, a field study was conducted, utilizing a designed questionnaire to gather data and information from a study sample consisting of 52 respondents. For data analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS / v26) was employed. The study concluded that the Municipality of Berrouaghia effectively utilizes e-administration. Furthermore, the findings revealed a statistically significant correlation between the various dimensions of e-administration and the improvement of public service quality within the sector under study.
The Role of Digital Illustration in Contemporary Visual Communication
As a more integral aspect of contemporary visual communication, digital illustration influences the online transmission of information, emotions, and cultural messages. The use of computer-based tools that encourage innovation in both creativity and technology has replaced conventional hand-drawn methods in artistic practices of illustration. explores how digital imaging has changed domains like digital culture, advertising, education, entertainment, social media, and advertising as well as its role in contemporary visual communication. methods by which digital illustration's pictorial language—consisting of symbols, colors, and multimedia design—can enhance communication. Digital technologies such as graphic tablets, design software, and apps powered by artificial intelligence have completely transformed the way creatives produce eye-catching content. More accessibility, speed, and flexibility are possible than ever before with these tools. Modern communication systems would not be complete without digital graphics; they are vital in many fields, including branding, gaming, animation, online magazines, advertising, websites, and social media.
Forecasting Management of Jobs and Competencies as a Strategic Approach to Enhancing the Quality of Healthcare Services in Hospital Institutions — A Case Study of the Bachir Ben Nacer Public Hospital, Biskra (Algeria) —
Improving organizational outputs and performance now requires institutions to secure human resources that are adequate in both number and quality. One of the mechanisms designed to achieve this is the forward planning of jobs and competencies — known in the French-language literature as "Gestion Prévisionnelle des Emplois et des Compétences (GPEC)". This study set out to assess the current state of this practice in Algerian public hospitals, taking the Bachir Ben Nacer Public Hospital in the wilaya of Biskra as a case study. A questionnaire was employed as the instrument for data collection and analysis. The study reached several findings, chief among them that the concept of forward planning of jobs and competencies is genuinely and firmly embedded in the studied hospital, within the framework of the financial policies pursued by Algeria, although its various dimensions are adopted to uneven degrees. The findings further indicate that forward planning of jobs and competencies exerts a substantial influence on the quality of the healthcare services delivered by the hospital's administration.
Role of Computer Vision in Autonomous Vehicles
Computer Vision is one of the most important technologies used in autonomous vehicles, enabling vehicles to perceive, analyze, and understand their surrounding environment. It is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that allows machines to process visual information from cameras, sensors, and imaging systems in a manner similar to human vision. Autonomous vehicles rely heavily on computer vision systems for navigation, object detection, lane recognition, traffic sign identification, obstacle avoidance, and decision-making processes. The integration of computer vision with technologies such as Machine Learning, Deep Learning, LiDAR, radar, and sensor fusion has significantly improved the safety and efficiency of self-driving vehicles. Advanced computer vision algorithms analyze real-time visual data to identify pedestrians, vehicles, road markings, traffic signals, and environmental conditions. This enables autonomous vehicles to make intelligent driving decisions with minimal human intervention. Computer vision also plays a crucial role in enhancing road safety by reducing human errors, which are one of the leading causes of road accidents worldwide. Features such as automatic braking systems, adaptive cruise control, collision detection, driver monitoring, and parking assistance are powered by computer vision technologies. In addition, autonomous vehicles supported by computer vision systems contribute to improved traffic management, fuel efficiency, and smart transportation systems.
Predictive Analytics in Managerial Decision-Making
Predictive analytics has emerged as a powerful decision-support tool that enables organizations to anticipate future trends, optimize resource allocation, and improve managerial decision-making through the analysis of historical and real-time data. By utilizing advanced statistical techniques, machine learning algorithms, and data mining methods, predictive analytics provides managers with actionable insights that support strategic planning, budgeting, risk management, demand forecasting, and operational efficiency. the role of predictive analytics in managerial decision-making by evaluating its influence on decision quality, organizational performance, resource optimization, and competitive advantage. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to managers, accounting professionals, and business executives across various industries. Appropriate statistical techniques were used to analyze the relationship between predictive analytics adoption and managerial decision-making effectiveness. organizations implementing predictive analytics demonstrate improved forecasting accuracy, enhanced operational planning, better risk assessment, faster decision-making, and more efficient resource utilization. Furthermore, predictive analytics enables managers to identify emerging opportunities, respond proactively to business challenges, and improve organizational agility in dynamic market environments. predictive analytics has become an indispensable component of modern management accounting and strategic decision-making. The findings provide valuable insights for managers, policymakers, and researchers seeking to leverage data-driven technologies to improve organizational performance and achieve sustainable competitive advantage.
Artificial Intelligence as A Mechanism to Enhance the Impact of Islamic Financial Innovations and Digital Governance on Digital Financial Inclusion
This study aims to analyze the role of artificial intelligence in enhancing digital governance and legitimate governance in Islamic financial institutions, and to demonstrate the impact of artificial intelligence governance in supporting digital transformation, developing Islamic financial technology, and improving the quality of decision-making, while reviewing the reality of financial inclusion globally and in the Arab world and the role of modern technologies in expanding access to financial services. The results showed that implementing effective AI governance contributes to enhancing operational efficiency, transparency, and Sharia compliance, improving risk management, developing Islamic financial services, and enhancing financial inclusion by providing easier, more flexible, and less expensive services. Ultimately, the study concluded that adopting integrated frameworks for artificial intelligence governance represents a necessity to achieve sustainable financial innovation, enhance the competitiveness of Islamic financial institutions, and support financial inclusion in accordance with the principles of Islamic Sharia.
Assessing the Role of Acupressure in Reducing Labor Pain and Improving Delivery Results
One of the most excruciating types of pain that women endure during childbirth is labor pain. Promoting maternal comfort, reducing anxiety, and improving the whole birth experience are all goals of effective pain management. Epidural analgesia and other pharmacological techniques are frequently employed, however they come with the risk of side effects and higher healthcare expenses. This has led to a rise in the popularity of acupressure and other non-pharmacological approaches to alleviating labor pain. According to the research that were looked at, acupressure during labor and delivery has the potential to lessen the severity of pain and anxiety experienced by mothers. When compared to control groups, women who received acupressure during childbirth reported higher levels of comfort and satisfaction. Reducing the need for pharmacological pain management, increasing the rates of normal vaginal birth, improving cervical dilatation, and shortening the time of labor are all positive benefits on labor outcomes that have been shown in multiple studies. Acupressure appears to be a safe intervention when used correctly, as no major adverse effects on mothers or newborns were documented. There is mounting evidence that acupressure can alleviate labor discomfort and improve delivery outcomes in a safe and effective supplementary manner. It is a great alternative to other methods of maternity care due to its low cost, convenience of application, lack of adverse effects, and non-invasive nature. To build standardized techniques and bolster the data supporting its routine usage during labor, further large-scale randomized controlled trials are necessary.
Contemporary Algerian Novel and World Literature: Dimensions of Intertextuality and Human Values in the Novel "The Andalusian House" by Waciny Laredj
World literature is considered a human heritage, as it brings peoples together by transcending time, place, and the language in which it was written to achieve universality. It addresses shared human issues; this is what has made it a focal point for novelists in the modern era, particularly with the emergence of experimentation and the opening of the narrative text to all literary arts. The narrative text, with its flexibility, has been able to emulate all texts and has proven to be a structure within which all literary genres merge without one infringing upon the artistic specificity of the other. It is capable of assimilation, development, and keeping pace with everything new. The employment of world literature as a human characteristic came to extend bridges of cross-fertilisation that unify literature and make literatures melt into a single crucible, which is the literary text, within which all differences dissolve to produce a human creativity in a new guise that aligns with the changing circumstances of life, thus making it suitable for reading in every time and place.
Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Acupuncture: An Alternative to Medications
Among the many gynecological disorders that can afflict young women and girls, primary dysmenorrhea ranks high. Period cramps that are both unpleasant and non-pathological are the hallmark of this condition. Everyday life, productivity at work, academic achievement, and quality of life can all be severely affected by the illness. Despite the widespread use of pharmacological treatments like oral contraceptives and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs), there has been a rise in interest in non-pharmacological techniques like acupressure due to concerns about side effects and long-term pharmaceutical use. According to the research that were examined, acupressure can help women with primary dysmenorrhea greatly decrease the severity and length of their menstrual pain. Acupressure patients reported less discomfort, less need for analgesics, and better capacity to carry out daily tasks after treatment. Additionally, a number of studies found that it helped with related symptoms including nausea, exhaustion, headache, and mental distress. In most cases, acupressure was determined to be risk-free, cheap, simple to use, and accompanied by little negative side effects. There is mounting evidence that acupressure can effectively and safely manage primary dysmenorrhea without the use of pharmaceuticals. Women looking for alternatives to medication-based therapies can benefit from its capacity to decrease menstruation discomfort and enhance general well-being. In order to bolster the evidence base and back up clinical recommendations, greater sample sizes and standardized intervention techniques are necessary for additional high-quality randomized controlled studies.
Identifying Victims of Mass Natural Disasters Using DNA Profiling: How Effective Is It?
This study examines the effectiveness of DNA profiling in identifying victims of mass natural disasters, where conventional identification methods often prove inadequate. Using a descriptive and analytical approach, it explores the scientific basis of DNA profiling, the procedures followed in disaster victim identification, and the legal considerations governing its use. The study also highlights selected practical experiences, including the Algerian response to the 2003 Boumerdès earthquake and the Bab El Oued floods. It concludes that DNA profiling is a highly accurate and reliable identification tool when supported by standardized forensic procedures, qualified laboratories, and an appropriate legal framework.
Tolerance to Temperature and Physiological Adaptations of Reptiles Found in Desert Environments
In order to endure the prolonged periods of harsh heat, extreme dryness, and lack of resources that are characteristic of desert ecosystems, a great number of species have developed adaptations that are unique to their natural environment. In order to survive in desert environments, reptiles require finely calibrated mechanisms for thermal tolerance as well as physiological adaptations. This is due to the fact that reptiles are ectothermic vertebrates, which means that they are particularly affected by outside temperatures. utilizing data from comparative physiological research, field observations, and laboratory testing, this article will discuss how desert reptiles cope with severely hot and cold conditions. The habits of burrowing, sunning, and adjusting their activity levels over time are examples of the adaptive behaviors that reptiles have developed in order to take advantage of thermal microhabitats and prevent deadly overheating. Additional physiological mechanisms that promote resistance to extreme temperatures and water scarcity include the formation of heat shock proteins, the conservation of water through specialized kidney function, and changes in metabolic rate. These systems all work together to make the body more equipped to deal with these conditions. In addition, desert reptiles have morphological characteristics that are unique to them, such as changed scales that limit the amount of water that is lost and coloration that either absorbs or reflects heat, depending on the conditions.
Valuing the Role of Soft-Law Rules in Arab Competition Laws: A Forward-Looking Legal Vision Inspired by the European Model
The European experience has provided a valuable lesson in the use of soft-law instruments to harmonise competition laws. In this regard, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area sought to build upon such instruments. This initiative, which spanned two decades, culminated in the publication of the Arab Competition Soft Law at the beginning of 2023. This coincided with an increase in intra-regional trade and significant voluntary engagement by the member states of this regional grouping. Going forward, there is potential for further value creation in the near future, and perhaps even the unification of Arab competition laws in the longer term
A Study on the Efficient Pollination of Native and Invasive Insects
Although pollinators are immensely important for maintaining biodiversity and agricultural production, their efficacy varies substantially among species and ecological contexts. Many are concerned that invasive insect species may displace native pollinators, disturb ecosystems, or even compete with them as they proliferate in many environments. investigate the pollination efficiency of native and invasive insect species in both wild and cultivated plant habitats. Field trial data, pollen load analyses, and reproductive success indicators were used to determine the impact of floral constancy, pollen deposition quality, and visit frequency on pollination results. According to the results, invading insects may enhance pollination for native, less specialized plants due to their lower pollen fidelity. On the other hand, invading insects may benefit invading, more generalist plant species with higher visitation rates and broader floral preferences. Ecological stability is enhanced by higher coevolutionary interactions between plants and pollinators, as well as by the greater specialization and regularity in pollen transport displayed by native pollinators. throws light on potential negative outcomes of invasive dominance, including the eradication of native pollinators, disruption of mutualistic networks, and alterations to gene flow within plant populations.
Corporate Diversification, Managerial Entrenchment, and Corporate Governance: a Theoretical Framework Based on Agency Theory
The relationship between corporate control mechanisms and managerial entrenchment has generated extensive debate, giving rise to divergent perspectives across competing theories of the firm. Contractual theories, particularly agency theory, constitute the dominant theoretical framework in corporate governance research. From this perspective, diversification strategy may be viewed as a managerial instrument through which executives pursue their own interests at the expense of shareholders' wealth maximization. Agency theory therefore examines how corporate governance mechanisms influence firms' diversification decisions. Accordingly, this article is grounded in the corporate governance literature that highlights the risks associated with excessive managerial discretion in the absence of effective monitoring mechanisms. Its primary objective is to provide a theoretical analysis of the relationship between corporate control mechanisms and managerial entrenchment through the adoption of diversification strategies. Furthermore, the paper proposes an empirical research agenda in the context of Algerian firms. More specifically, it seeks to examine, first, the extent to which managers may steer firms toward business sectors in which they possess distinctive competencies in order to strengthen their entrenchment and consolidate their position within the organization; and second, the effectiveness of corporate control mechanisms in constraining managerial discretion and limiting opportunistic managerial behavior.
Human-Nature Conflict and Adaptation in Urban Monkey Behavior Ecology
Rapid urbanization has given rise to new kinds of ecosystems, where human and animal activity is more commonplace. One of the best animals at taking advantage of city life, monkeys are able to adapt their behavior and intelligence to survive even in the most artificial environments. urban monkey behavior research focuses on understanding the dynamics of human-animal conflicts and the ways in which monkeys adapt to their urban habitats. This study focuses on monkeys and how they adjust their social structure, movement patterns, and foraging strategies in response to the resources and threats found in urban areas. Ethological research, case studies, and data collected in the field in Southeast Asia form its basis. More and more, urban monkeys are incorporating man-made goods into their diets as a means of survival. Crop raids, food theft, and property damage caused by these adaptable monkeys can escalate into conflicts with humans. They also become more aggressive and opportunistic. As a result of altered social dynamics brought about by intensified competition for few resources, new hierarchies and altered affiliative behaviors have emerged within units. The problem is that monkeys encounter humans so often that they are vulnerable to dangers like car accidents, retaliatory violence, and the spread of disease.
Scholarly Contributions to the Development of Arabic Rhetorical Terminology and the Challenges of Reception and Interpretation A Study of Epistemic Authenticity and the Demands of Contemporary Renewal
This study examines the evolution of Arabic rhetorical terminology and the semantic shifts it has undergone under the combined influence of the epistemic authority of the classical rhetorical heritage and the pressures exerted by imported modern critical approaches. It explores the epistemological crisis affecting contemporary rhetorical scholarship, which arises from the indiscriminate influx of foreign terminology and the lack of conceptual standardization across the Arab world. The study also highlights the role of context and pragmatics in the formation of rhetorical terminology, drawing on the theoretical contributions of Maghrebi and other contemporary Arab critics to establish a balanced dialogue between a purely aesthetic conception of rhetoric and a functional, argumentative perspective. Ultimately, it proposes a reconciliatory framework that integrates the demands of contemporary scholarship with the textual authenticity and epistemic foundations of the Arabic rhetorical tradition.
Preventing, Treating, and Rehabilitating Sports Injuries
Athletes and anybody engaging in physical activities, whether for leisure or as part of a professional program, are prone to sports injuries. Overuse, poor training methods, lack of conditioning, accidents, and physical contact are some of the risks that athletes face, despite the many positive psychological, social, and physiological effects of participating in sports. Athletes' health, mental clarity, and quality of life are all negatively impacted by sports injuries. For this reason, it is critical to promote long-term sports participation and ensure athlete safety by learning efficient techniques for injury prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. viewpoints on sports injuries from the vantage points of recovery, management, and prevention. Pains including sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations, ligament rips, muscle strains, and overuse injuries are discussed, along with their origins and classifications. The study looks at both the internal and external elements that can lead to injuries, such as age, flexibility, physical fitness, and injury history. The external factors include things like equipment, playing surfaces, environmental conditions, and training procedures.
Self-Esteem and Its Relationship to Body Image Among Female Athletes
This study aimed to uncover the relationship between body image and self-esteem among female athletes, as well as to identify differences in both body image and self-esteem according to the age variable. The study stems from the importance of body image in shaping a woman's perception of herself and her level of satisfaction with her physical appearance, given that this satisfaction is closely linked to her psychological state, self-confidence, and personal and social adjustment. The descriptive-analytical approach was adopted due to its suitability for the nature of the topic. The sample consisted of 60 female athletes, divided equally into two age groups: the first group aged 17–28 years (n = 30), and the second group aged 29–43 years (n = 30). The study was conducted in private sports gyms in the Province of M'Sila and the Institute of Sciences and Techniques of Physical and Sports Activities at Mohamed Boudiaf University of M'Sila. Data were collected using the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Body Image Scale. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized for data processing, employing Pearson's correlation coefficient and the independent-samples t-test. The results revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between self-esteem and body image, with a correlation coefficient of r = .646 at the p < .01 significance level. Furthermore, the findings indicated statistically significant differences in both body image and self-esteem attributable to the age variable. The study concluded that satisfaction with body image is positively associated with self-esteem, and that practicing physical activities contributes to enhancing physical appearance, boosting self-confidence, and improving psychological adjustment. The study recommended the continuation of sports practice, fostering positive body perceptions, and conducting further research connecting body image to other psychological and social variables.
Policies, Obstacles, and Opportunities for the Future of India's Grassroots Sports
More and more people are realizing that grassroots sports development may help India's athletic ecology, youth health, and talent development all thrive. This research looks at the potential for long-term growth in India's sports industry, the difficulties experienced by grassroots organizations, and the part played by policies. Identification of young talent, improvement of facilities, and encouragement of involvement across schools and communities have all been greatly aided by government initiatives like Khelo India and the Sports Authority of India. Effective grassroots development is nevertheless hampered by a number of obstacles, despite these attempts. For many would-be athletes, the odds are stacked against them due to regional disparities, a lack of qualified coaches, insufficient financing, and poor infrastructure. Gender inequality and academic pressure are two social variables that contribute to the decline in athletic engagement, especially among rural residents. Existing initiatives are typically underutilized because of inconsistencies in policy execution and a lack of institutional coordination.
Pedagogical Communication and its Relationship with Achievement Motivation among Secondary Education Students A Field Study on Third-Year Secondary Students (Mathematics as a Model)
This study investigates the relationship between pedagogical communication and achievement motivation in mathematics among third-year secondary school students in Relizane, Algeria. A descriptive correlational approach was employed. A sample of 500 students was selected using simple random sampling from 15 secondary schools. Data were collected using two validated instruments: a Pedagogical Communication Scale (developed by the researcher, comprising six dimensions) and the Achievement Motivation Scale (Abu Halima, 2018, comprising eight dimensions), both utilising a three-point Likert scale. Psychometric properties (internal consistency and reliability) were established through a pilot study (N=100). Statistical analyses included one-sample t-tests, Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and eta-squared. Results revealed that third-year students possess: (1) effective pedagogical communication (M=104.55, t=13.50, p<0.01); (2) a strong achievement motive (M=152.75, t=26.70, p<0.01); and (3) a significant positive correlation between pedagogical communication and achievement motivation (r=0.62, p<0.01). The findings underscore that effective teacher-student communication, characterised by learner-centred and subject-centred dimensions, substantially enhances students' motivation and academic striving, particularly in the challenging context of final-year examinations. Recommendations include targeted teacher training in pedagogical communication skills, fostering democratic classroom climates, and developing strategies to sustain student motivation.
The Role of Technology and Innovation in Contemporary Athletic Fitness
Modern sports training has been revolutionized by technological advancements and innovative approaches. These advancements have resulted in the introduction of sophisticated tools, scientific methods, and data-driven strategies that have improved athletic performance, increased training efficiency, and decreased the likelihood of injuries. In the modern sporting environment, athletes, coaches, and sports organizations are increasingly relying on technological innovations to facilitate the monitoring of performance, the analysis of physical and physiological data, the development of personalized training programs, and the optimization of competitive outcomes. Wearable technology and motion-tracking systems, as well as applications for artificial intelligence and virtual reality, are examples of how technology has become an essential component of the training and development of athletes in the sporting world. Technology and innovation play an important role in the training of modern athletes. This article investigates the ways in which technological breakthroughs have contributed to gains in physical conditioning, skill acquisition, tactical planning, and performance analysis. It also examines how these advancements have altered traditional training approaches. An emphasis is placed on the utilization of wearable fitness trackers, biomechanical assessment tools, video analysis software, GPS tracking systems, artificial intelligence, machine learning, virtual reality, and data analytics in order to improve the performance of athletes and their ability to make decisions.
Business Logistics and Its Impact on Organizational Efficiency (Storage, Transportation, and Customer Service)
This research paper examines the nature of logistics services, their main activities, and their relationship with other organizational functions. Its primary objective is to provide a theoretical overview of logistics services by addressing their concept, importance, and core activities, while highlighting their relationship with the fundamental functions of an organization. The growing interest in the logistics function stems from its strategic role and distinctive position within organizations. Effective management of logistics activities, emphasizing their importance and clarifying their impact on other functions as well as on the organization's overall performance, represents a hallmark of modern management. The study concludes that the efficient implementation of logistics activities enables organizations to achieve competitive advantages and increase profitability through superior customer service and cost reduction, thereby ensuring organizational success and long-term sustainability.
Risks and Adaptations for Outdoor Sports and Climate Change
The world's most pressing environmental crisis, climate change, will have far-reaching effects on outdoor athletics. The sustainability of sports infrastructure, the performance of athletes, and athletic events are all being negatively impacted by the rising frequency and severity of extreme weather events and other changing environmental circumstances. By analyzing the dangers and possible solutions, this research looks at how climate change will affect outdoor sports. Athletes are particularly vulnerable to heat exhaustion, dehydration, and impaired performance when temperatures rise and heatwaves occur. A number of natural phenomena, including air pollution, wildfires, and unpredictable rainfall, further degrade playing conditions, and shifts in weather patterns impact event scheduling and safety. Less snowfall and melting ice pose a serious danger to the sustainability of winter sports events held in their customary venues. impact on big athletic events like the Olympics, forcing organisers to reschedule, move, or invest in artificial solutions just to keep things the same. The increasing importance of long-term strategy in sports management is brought to light by these shifts.
The In-Person Education in the Islamic West During the Medieval Period and Distance Education Today (Historical Approach)
The aim of the research is to study the transformation in the domain of education in the Islamic West during the medieval period and compare such education to modern distance education. The study is based on both historical and analytical methods utilizing Ibn Sahnun and Ibn Khaldun. The results suggest that traditional education is marked by several principles, such as progressive instruction, importance of memory techniques, and elaboration of the role of the teacher, that allow developing both intellect and the whole society. Unlike traditional education, distance education relies on modern technologies and allows making learning process flexible and accessible. Key words: Islamic medieval education, distance education, educational systems.
Potential and Difficulties of Decentralized Renewable Energy Systems for Long-Term Urban Sustainability
The proliferation of urban areas and the resulting environmental crises have created an urgent need for renewable energy sources. Decentralized renewable energy solutions, such as solar photovoltaics, small-scale wind turbines, and local energy storage, offer a potential substitute for centralized grid systems. Particularly in urban settings, these systems excel. Among the many possible outcomes of implementing these solutions is a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, an improvement in energy security, and a strengthening of urban infrastructure. Nevertheless, widespread adoption of decentralized renewable energy systems in metropolitan areas is hindered by various challenges, including regulatory restrictions, high initial prices, and technological limitations. The benefits and drawbacks of decentralized renewable power systems as they pertain to city sustainability. new technology, policy support, and community involvement can help overcome implementation challenges. Reduced transmission losses, a more robust grid, and increased local control over energy generation and use are only a few of the environmental, social, and economic benefits of decentralization listed in the article. This article examines and analyzes case studies of successful decentralized energy systems in cities, shedding light on how to implement such solutions in the future. Integrating technological innovation, policy frameworks, and community involvement is necessary to fully realize the potential of decentralized renewable energy for urban sustainability.
A Reading into the Dimensions of Building the Media Role in the Digital Age
Introduction: The digital age has brought unprecedented transformations in communication technology, fundamentally altering the landscape of media and presenting new challenges to traditional media structures and functions. Objective: This paper examines the problematic of constructing the media role within the context of digital technology and the information revolution, exploring how digital communication has transformed media functions, characteristics, and societal impacts. Methods: The study employs a theoretical and analytical framework, reviewing existing literature on digital communication, media functions, and the challenges posed by technological advancements. It synthesises perspectives from communication theorists and analyses the multifaceted dimensions of media transformation in the digital era. Results: The findings reveal that digital communication has introduced significant changes across multiple dimensions of media: the emergence of interactive, non-linear communication patterns; the fragmentation of audiences into specialised segments; the predominance of speed and immediacy in news dissemination; the commodification of culture and media content; and the blurring boundaries between entertainment, information, and cultural production. The study identifies that while digital technologies have democratised access to information production and consumption, they have also generated new problematics concerning media credibility, source verification, and the erosion of traditional gatekeeping functions. Conclusion: The digital age represents a fundamental paradigm shift in media structures and functions. The transition from an industrial to a digital framework has transformed citizens from passive consumers into active participants, necessitating a comprehensive reconsideration of media roles, ethics, and regulatory frameworks. The study concludes that the characteristics of digital communication—its interactivity, speed, and accessibility—require renewed theoretical and practical approaches to understanding and navigating media in contemporary society.
Renewable Energy's "Circular Economy": Reusing, Recycling, and Sustainable Design
In recent years, the renewable energy sector has witnessed a meteoric rise in interest as a tool to combat climate change and reduce dependency on fossil fuels. One promising framework for this industry is the concept of a circular economy (CE). In a circular economy, the goal is to minimize waste and make the most of what we already have by promoting the redesign, recycling, and reuse of products and systems. Implementing circular economy principles in the renewable energy industry can significantly enhance the sustainability of energy systems by extending the lifespan of renewable energy technology, reducing waste, and minimizing the environmental impact of energy production. how the renewable energy sector is attempting to reuse and recycle parts of wind turbines, solar panels, and energy storage devices in accordance with the ideas of the circular economy. renewable energy source reduction, end-of-life management, and resource efficiency are all aspects of an environmentally conscious energy system redesign. The environmental and economic benefits of adopting circular economy concepts are numerous, including cost savings, reduced raw material consumption, and reduced carbon emissions. To demonstrate how the circular economy is promoting a future of energy that is both sustainable and efficient with resources, this article examines recent case studies and innovative practices. The article goes on to say that the renewable energy sector must embrace this model if it wants to be sustainable in the long term.
Digital Transformation Strategies as an Approach to Achieving Outstanding Performance in Higher Education Institutions: A Perspective on Implementation Requirements and Stages of Advancement
This study aims to highlight the pivotal role that digital transformation plays in shaping the features of outstanding performance within higher education institutions, in light of rapidly evolving technological challenges. The research problem lies in how to transition universities from traditional models to an integrated digital environment that ensures efficiency and organizational effectiveness. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to review the concepts of digital transformation and its dimensions, while identifying the strategic steps and essential stages required to enhance institutional performance toward excellence. The findings indicate that digital transformation is not merely a replacement of technological tools; rather, it is a comprehensive reengineering of academic and administrative processes that requires robust infrastructure and qualified human competencies. The study also attempts to highlight examples from some leading countries.
Results from a Methods Comparison Study on the Effects of Exercise Therapy on Chronic Lumbar Pain
Numerous people suffer with chronic low back pain (CLBP), which has a major influence on people's ability to move around, their happiness, and their ability to pay for medical treatment. Researchers are still trying to figure out how different types of exercise therapy for chronic low back pain (CLBP) stack up against one another, even though they all agree that exercise therapy is helpful. The goal of this study is to compare and contrast the ways in which various forms of exercise therapy—including aerobic, strengthening, and stretching—affect pain reduction, functional ability enhancement, and patient satisfaction with treatment as a whole. After twelve weeks, the subjects were assessed again after being split into two exercise treatment groups. A randomized controlled trial methodology was used to perform the research. Findings indicated that strengthening activities provided the most benefits in terms of pain reduction and functional improvement. In contrast, flexibility and decreased stiffness were the results of stretching exercises. In terms of pain reduction and cardiovascular health, aerobic activities showed a moderate amount of benefits. recognizing the significance of tailoring exercise regimens to each patient's unique needs for optimal outcomes. These results aid both doctors and patients in making informed decisions about exercise therapy for CLBP, and they add to our understanding of the role of exercise therapy in CLBP management.
Protecting the Contractual Autonomy of the Electronic Consumer through the Pre-Contractual Duty of Disclosure and the Right of Withdrawal
Consumers often enter into contracts for goods or services for personal use, without intending to profit. However, lacking technical expertise or sufficient knowledge, especially in the electronic environment where direct inspection is impossible, they are exposed to exploitation due to the imbalance of power with professionals. This vulnerability makes it essential to provide legal mechanisms that safeguard the consumer’s rights and ensure fairness in contractual relationships. To protect consumer consent, the law grants rights such as the right to be informed, ensuring decisions are made knowingly, and the right of withdrawal, allowing consumers to retract their contracts within a set period. These safeguards are particularly crucial in online transactions, where persuasive advertising and exaggerated marketing may misrepresent goods or services, leading to hasty decisions, mistakes, and potential regret. Overall, these measures aim to restore balance and protect the integrity of the consumer’s contractual will.
Impact of Pediatric Physiotherapy on Motor Skill Development in Children with Cerebral Palsy
The neurological illness known as cerebral palsy (CP) has a substantial impact on the development of motor skills in children, which can result in difficulties with mobility, posture, and activities typically performed in everyday life. When it comes to the management of various motor deficits, paediatric physiotherapy is an essential component. The primary goals of this treatment are to improve the patient's quality of life and functional independence. the influence that physiotherapy therapies have on the development of motor skills in children who have cerebral palsy, with a particular focus on treatments that are supported by research, such as neurodevelopmental techniques, task-oriented training, and assistive devices. the efficacy of physiotherapy in enhancing children's gross and fine motor abilities, as well as their muscle strength and coordination, which enables them to reach developmental milestones and improves their ability to participate in day-to-day activities. In addition, physiotherapy helps to reduce the adverse effects of secondary problems, such as joint contractures and muscular stiffness, which can slow down the healing process. the significance of early intervention and individualised treatment plans that are adapted to the specific requirements and capabilities of each child with special needs. Paediatric physiotherapy plays a crucial role in empowering children with cerebral palsy to enable them to lead lives that are more independent and happy. This is accomplished by supporting the development of motor skills and functional mobility.
Assessing the Performance of Islamic Banking in Algeria After the Implementation of Regulation N° : 20-02: A Statistical Analysis of Growth and Market Concentration Indicators (2021–2025)
This study aims to analyze the performance indicators of Islamic banking in Algeria following the implementation of Regulation No. 20-02 over the period 2021–2024. It adopts a descriptive-analytical approach based on statistical data extracted from the annual reports of the Bank of Algeria. The findings reveal sustained growth in Islamic deposits and financing, accompanied by an expansion in the institutional presence of Islamic banking, while financing remained highly concentrated in Murabaha, Salam, and Ijarah contracts. Furthermore, market share analysis and the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) indicate a gradual decline in market concentration due to the increasing participation of public banks, although private banks continue to dominate the market. The study concludes that Islamic banking in Algeria has achieved significant quantitative progress; However, strengthening its developmental role requires greater product diversification and enhanced competition within the banking sector.
Role of Physiotherapy in Post-Surgical Rehabilitation of Total Hip Replacement Patients
Total hip replacement, often known as THR, is a surgical procedure that is frequently performed to treat severe hip joint deterioration, enhance mobility, and alleviate chronic pain. In order to provide the best possible recovery and to restore functionality, post-surgical rehabilitation is an extremely important component. As part of the post-surgical rehabilitation process for total hip replacement (THR) patients, this study investigates the function that physiotherapy plays, with a particular emphasis on enhancing range of motion, strength, gait, and quality of life. In order to provide patients with a systematic physiotherapy program, procedures such as range of motion exercises, strengthening regimens, and gait training were incorporated into the program. The results, which were evaluated over a period of twelve weeks, revealed significant increases in mobility, decreased levels of discomfort, and increased levels of functional independence. Additionally, physiotherapy played a role in the prevention of problems such as joint stiffness and muscular weakness. the crucial role of physiotherapy in facilitating recovery, improving long-term results, and boosting the overall success of total hip replacement surgery. that individualised rehabilitation regimens that are tailored to the specific requirements of each patient are extremely important.
Medical Expertise in Algerian Social Security Legislation
The Algerian legislature recognises medical expertise as a mechanism for resolving medical disputes. This is achieved through the use of medical arbitration as a preliminary and mandatory procedure for internal dispute resolution, with the exception of disability cases, which are within the purview of the qualified disability committee. In this regard, the primary objective of medical expertise is to facilitate amicable resolution of disputes through straightforward and expeditious procedures. The legislator has stipulated that the results of the expertise are binding on the parties involved, with the exception of cases where the conduct of medical expertise is rendered impossible. The legislator has rendered the results of the aforementioned expertise binding on the parties to the dispute, except in one exceptional case, namely the impossibility of conducting the medical expertise.
Electoral Trends and Identity Politics: Understanding Diverse Voters
Identity politics has developed as a defining aspect in the process of producing electoral trends in a variety of civilizations, where social, cultural, and ethnic identities play a key part in political alignment. More specifically, this is the case in cultures where identity politics exert a significant amount of influence over voting patterns. identity politics and voter behavior, with a specific emphasis on the manner in which individuals' affinities with various categories such as race, religion, ethnicity, caste, and gender influence their voting decisions. the relationship between identity politics and voter behavior. This article investigates the strategies that identity-based narratives employ to shift political discourse and mobilize voters. The case studies that are used in this article are from a range of democracies, such as India, the United States of America, and South Africa. Nevertheless, despite the fact that identity politics has the ability to improve representation and promote the empowerment of under-represented groups, it also carries the risk of further dividing society and fostering polarization. The approaches that political actors use to harness identity for electoral profit are evaluated through the investigation of voter behaviour through the lens of identity. Additionally, the impacts that these strategies have on democratic government are analyzed through the examination of voter behaviour. the crucial importance of political practices that are not just inclusive but also strike a balance between identity-based representation and efforts to improve social cohesion and democratic stability within the political system.
The Structural Approach to Teaching the Phonetic Level of Arabic: A Pedagogical Model for Teaching Speech Sounds in the First Cycle of Primary Education
Language teaching requires a thorough understanding of the relationships that govern how linguistic structures function within language systems. Teaching these structures in accordance with their linguistic properties makes them easier to learn and understand. The structural approach to teaching speech sounds is grounded in this principle: Sounds are taught as spoken units rather than as written letters because language exists in spoken form before it is represented in writing. A review of educational practice indicates that the teaching of speech sounds in the first cycle of primary education does not adequately account for their phonetic dimensions. Moreover, the teaching of Arabic sounds and letters is not consistently grounded in rigorous linguistic principles. Therefore, this article develops a pedagogical model for teaching Arabic speech sounds in the first cycle of primary education through the structural approach, particularly structural drills. The proposed model also accounts for the pedagogical sequence through which lessons are presented in schools.
Inequality in Economic Conditions Has a Significant Impact on Political Polarization.
There has been a notable increase in the significance of economic disparity as a primary driver of political polarization, which is causing democratic systems to undergo changes and influencing public discourse. there is a correlation between the widening ideological gaps that exist between countries and the widening income disparities that are taking place inside the same cultures. The purpose of this research is to investigate the ways in which economic inequality leads to polarization by influencing voter behavior, trust in institutions, and preferences for policy. This is accomplished through the examination of case studies that originate from both developed and developing countries. It is clear from the evidence that unequal economic arrangements frequently lead to the alienation of marginalized groups, the emergence of populist movements, and the dissolution of political accord. This is the case more often than not. The gap in economic status not only adds fuel to the fire of identity-based conflicts, but it also helps to cultivate a "us versus them" mentality, which further contributes to the breakdown of democratic institutions. The urgent need for equitable economic policies and institutional reforms to mitigate the detrimental effects of inequality on political stability and social cohesion is a necessity that must be addressed immediately. Reforms and policies pertaining to the economy ought to be put into effect immediately. Through addressing these concerns, policymakers have the opportunity to make a contribution to the reduction of polarization and the strengthening of democratic government.
The Reality of Health Awareness Among University Students: A Descriptive Exploratory Study on First-Year Common Core Social Sciences Students at the University of El Oued
The present study aimed to investigate the level of health awareness among university students through a descriptive exploratory study conducted on first-year Common Core Social Sciences students at the University of El Oued. The researchers adopted the descriptive exploratory approach as the most appropriate method for the nature of the study. The sample was selected using the comprehensive survey method and consisted of 484 male and female students. Data were collected using the Health Awareness Scale developed by Fathiza Ali (2026). The collected data were statistically processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study yielded the following findings: The level of health awareness among first-year Common Core Social Sciences students at the University of El Oued was moderate. The level of health awareness among first-year Common Core Social Sciences students at the University of El Oued in the first dimension (Health in General Life) was moderate. The level of health awareness among first-year Common Core Social Sciences students at the University of El Oued in the second dimension (Physical and Sports Health) was moderate.
Development of Motor Skills in Children with Cerebral Palsy as a Result of Pediatric Physiotherapy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that severely hinders a child's motor skill development, making it difficult for them to walk, stand, and do other routine tasks. One of the most important parts of treating motor impairments in children is pediatric physiotherapy. Enhancing the patient's functional independence and quality of life are the main objectives of this treatment. research-based treatments, including neurodevelopmental approaches, task-oriented training, and assistive equipment, and how they impact the development of motor abilities in children with cerebral palsy through physiotherapy. the positive effects of physical therapy on children's motor skills, including their strength, coordination, and gross and fine motor abilities; this, in turn, helps them to achieve developmental milestones and become more involved in their daily lives. Joint contractures and muscular stiffness are secondary complications that might hinder healing; physiotherapy aids in reducing their negative consequences. the value of identifying children with special needs as soon as possible and developing individualized treatment programs that take their unique strengths and weaknesses into account. For children with cerebral palsy, paediatric physiotherapy is an essential tool for gaining independence and a fulfilling life. To achieve this goal, we must encourage the growth of functional mobility and motor abilities.
The Importance of First Aid in Physical Education and sports Classes at the Primary School
The study aimed to identify the possibility of providing treatment and reducing injuries during physical and sports education classes for primary school students, by the physical education teacher, who is considered the person primarily responsible for the class. The study was conducted on 25 teachers, selected randomly as the sample. We relied on the descriptive method through the distribution of questionnaires to primary-level teachers, after verifying the scientific validity conditions of the instrument. Percentages (%) and the Chi-square (χ²) test were used as statistical tools to analyze the study's results. Ultimately, the study results confirmed the validity of the hypotheses: that the physical and sports education teacher is knowledgeable in first aid, and that this knowledge contributes to reducing the severity of injuries among primary school students; and that a teacher's knowledge of first aid is essential for identifying the type of injury and how to treat it, thereby reducing the severity of student injuries. Accordingly, the researchers recommended the necessity of training teachers in first aid.
Chemical Reactions in Living Systems: How Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Intersect
Biological systems that rely on chemical reactions for their power rely on metabolic processes, gene expression, and signal transmission. Biology and organic chemistry have a significant impact on the complex molecular interactions that are seen in living organisms. Organic compounds can undergo a wide variety of reactions in these regions, with the formation of new molecules or their modification or breakdown being the final products. All biological systems rely on chemical reactions, which are linked to biochemical and organic operations. We look at three important physiological processes and talk about how organic chemistry controls them: enzymatic catalysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and DNA/RNA synthesis. Improvements in treatment, metabolic engineering, and drug discovery have all been made possible by our growing understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind these activities. The study goes much farther, exploring the difficulties of understanding living chemical reactions, including their complex nature and the dynamic context in which they occur. For a molecular understanding of life and its applications in health, disease, and biotechnology, this study highlights the necessity of multidisciplinary research as a means to bridge the gap between organic chemistry and biochemistry.
The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Organisational Creativity: A Field Study
This study examined the effects of human, structural, and customer capital on organisational creativity at the African Glass Company in Jijel Province, Algeria. Data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 100 permanent employees and analysed using SPSS version 26. The multiple regression model was statistically significant and explained 49.8% of the variance in organisational creativity. Structural capital and customer capital had significant positive effects, whereas the effect of human capital was not statistically significant. The findings highlight the importance of organisational structures, knowledge systems, and customer relationships in fostering creativity. Practical recommendations are offered in light of these results.
The Mechanism, Applications, and Future of Organic Catalysis
Chemical reactions can be accelerated, made more selective, and industrial processes simplified by the use of catalysis, making it a significant approach in organic chemistry. This all-encompassing look of catalysis delves into the mechanics of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems, among other things, and examines a broad variety of organic reactions. Many reactions, such as hydrogenation, oxidation, polymerization, and catalytic isomerization, can be facilitated by enzymes, organocatalysts, or catalysts based on metals. These catalysts have far-reaching effects in many industries, including the pharmaceutical and petrochemical ones. interest in eco-friendly catalysis is on the rise, with the goal of creating sustainable catalytic processes that reduce energy consumption and waste over the long run. Discussions also cover nanocatalysts, biocatalysis' integration with conventional technology, and the development of more efficient catalysts. New possibilities in the manufacture of renewable energy, fine chemicals, and biofuels may be opened up by these advancements, which have great potential for improving the selectivity, efficiency, and sustainability of chemical processes. discussing the pros and cons of catalysis as a discipline, drawing attention to its importance in the development of organic chemistry and its ability to satisfy the needs of a sustainable future.
Marital Infidelity: A Sociological Approach to Its Causes and Repercussions on the Family Institution
This research examines the phenomenon of marital infidelity as a complex social issue that goes beyond its individual moral dimension to touch upon the value-based and structural foundations of the family institution. The analysis starts with the definition of the concept and the establishment of its terminological limitations, it then demonstrates the contribution of this phenomenon in certain ancient civilizations, societies, and religions, highlighting the Islamic perspective which is regarded as a normative framework that regulates the marital relationship. This research also addresses the most prominent social and psychological causes leading to marital infidelity. Ultimately, the analysis concludes by examining the negative repercussions of marital infidelity on the family’s cohesion, its value-based and functional stability, and the resulting disruptions.
Green Chemistry: Sustainable Synthesis and Industrial Applications
These days, "green chemistry" is all the rage; its practitioners strive to develop chemical goods and procedures with minimal or no harmful inputs. Focusing on cost-effective waste reduction strategies, this study examines environmentally friendly methods of chemical synthesis and their practical uses in industry. This article explains how the four pillars of green chemistry—renewable feedstocks, energy efficiency, waste reduction, and safer solvent applications—apply to industrial chemical processes. Numerous developments, including new catalysts that use less energy while producing more, have occurred in green catalytic processes in recent years. The pharmaceutical, polymer, and energy manufacturing sectors are perfect fits for green chemistry since their present practices generate so much waste and use so many resources. Case studies highlight sustainable chemical synthesis, process intensification, and waste reduction as effective green chemistry projects. Our discussion will conclude with a look at the problems and potential solutions surrounding green chemistry in the business world. It requires ongoing innovation, regulatory backing, and cooperation between public and private groups to construct a chemical industry that is less damaging to the environment.
Governance as a Supervisory Mechanism in the Banking System: The Algerian Banking System as a Case Study
This study defines banking governance and identifies the principles on which it is founded. It examines the role of governance in safeguarding the banking system against banking risks and improving banking performance. It further highlights the importance of banking supervision in establishing an effective governance framework by examining the supervisory bodies operating within the Algerian banking system and specifying the functions and responsibilities assigned to each.
Creation, Properties, and Catalytic Applications of New Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials, which are smaller than bulk materials yet have a much larger surface area and more reactivity, have recently attracted a lot of attention because of the unusual qualities they exhibit. One of the most well-known uses for their remarkable properties is catalysis, where they reduce energy requirements, increase selectivity, and shorten reaction durations. into the most current findings in the synthesis, characteristics, and applications of nanomaterials for catalytic reactions. We focus on manufacturing nanomaterials by regulating their size, shape, and surface features to tune their catalytic function. Methods including hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel techniques, and chemical vapor deposition are included in this discussion. Scientists are investigating nanomaterials' reactive intermediate stabilization capabilities, quantum effects, and high surface-to-volume ratios as potential ways to improve selectivity and catalytic activity. Nanomaterials are seeing increased use in a wide variety of applications, one of which is catalysis. Methods utilized in the chemical industry include polymerization and fine chemical synthesis, while methods utilized in environmental protection include pollutant degradation and CO₂ capture. Energy production examples include fuel cells and hydrogen generation. worries regarding the stability, affordability, and scalability of catalysts made from nanomaterials, and this dynamic industry in general. Innovations in nanomaterials hold great promise for reshaping catalytic processes in the future, which could lead to greener, more efficient chemical reactions.
The Role of the Constitutional Court in the Electoral Process
The constitutional founder established a Constitutional Court under the 2020 constitutional amendment as an independent constitutional institution overseeing the constitutionality of laws and ensuring respect for and the supremacy of the Constitution, replacing the Constitutional Council. Unlike the Constitutional Council, which possessed a limited role in the electoral process, the Constitutional Court enjoys extensive powers directly impacting the electoral process. The Court's effective role in embodying fair and legitimate elections is highlighted through its supervisory authority over any act that could affect the transparency of the vote. Consequently, the Constitutional Court occupies a crucial position in preserving voters' choices and safeguarding them on the ground, away from manipulations that render elections subject to doubt and public rejection.
The Environmental Benefits and Practicality of Using Electric Vehicles for Public Transportation in the Future
By incorporating electric vehicles (EVs) into public transportation systems, we can lessen our impact on the environment, improve air quality in cities, and encourage more sustainable modes of transportation. This fad is starting to gain momentum. carefully considering the pros and cons, such as the necessary infrastructure, operating costs, and technological advancements, of transitioning public transportation fleets to electric power. electric buses and trams, which have found success in various cities across the globe, and the insights gained from these initiatives are emphasized in this research. Improved air quality, reduced emissions of greenhouse gases, and the opportunity to integrate with renewable energy sources are some of the long-term environmental benefits of electrifying public transportation. The role of electric vehicles in urban transportation systems, obstacles to widespread adoption, opportunities for increasing the reach of electric public transportation, and their contribution to a cleaner, more environmentally friendly urban environment.